Beer School › Hops · Hop variety
Citra
Citra is an American hop variety from the Hop Breeding Company, on the market since 2007 according to the breeder. It is known for aromas of citrus, especially grapefruit and lime, and tropical fruit.
- CountryUnited States
- BreederHop Breeding Company (Yakima Valley, Washington); variety name HBC 394
- Introduced2007 (according to the breeder and Yakima Chief Hops); plant patent granted in 2010
- Parentage1990 cross of two offspring of Hallertauer Mittelfrüh × a plant with breeding number 853-144M (according to the plant patent); according to the breeder, US Tettnanger, Brewers Gold and East Kent Golding are also in the family tree
- Typearoma (according to the breeder), with high alpha acids; Belgian researchers classify it as a dual-purpose hop
- Alpha acids11–13% (plant patent and Hop Growers of America); Yakima Chief Hops gives 10–16%, which varies by harvest
What is it?
Aroma and flavour
Use and similar hops
Myth or fact?
Myth
‘A juicy IPA is full of fruit juice.’
'Juicy' refers to the juicy, fruity aroma and flavour, and those come from the hops. There does not have to be any fruit or juice in it.
Partly true
‘The more hops there are in a beer, the longer it keeps.’
Hops do inhibit some of the bacteria that spoil beer, that is correct. But not all beer spoilers, and the hop aroma itself is fragile: strongly hopped beers are best drunk fresh and stored cool.
A bit of history
How to taste it
Where it takes centre stage
Similar to: Mosaic, Simcoe, Centennial
More hop varieties
AmarilloCascadeCentennialChinookColumbus (CTZ)East Kent GoldingsEl DoradoFuggleGalaxyHallertau BlancHallertauer MittelfrühIdaho 7MosaicMotuekaNectaronNelson SauvinRiwakaSaazSabroSimcoeStrataTettnangerVic Secret
Terms
- Alpha acids
- The main bitter compounds from hops (humulones); they dissolve poorly and are hardly bitter, but during the boil they turn into iso-alpha acids, which do taste bitter.
- Hop oil
- The volatile, fragrant oil from hops (according to John Palmer 0.5–3% of dried hops; some modern varieties are higher, Galaxy according to HPA 2.6–3.3 ml per 100 grams), with compounds such as myrcene, linalool and geraniol; it largely evaporates during the boil, which is why brewers add aroma hops late or dry hop them.
- Thiols
- Sulfur compounds that you can smell at just a few to a few dozen nanograms per litre, such as 4MMP (blackcurrant, passion fruit) and 3MH (rhubarb, grapefruit); they come from hops and also from malt, often in a bound form from which yeast can release them during fermentation.
- Biotransformation
- The conversion of aroma compounds by yeast during fermentation, for example rosy geraniol from hops into citrusy citronellol, or the release of fruity thiols; according to current knowledge it does not happen if hops are only added after the yeast has been removed from the beer.
- Dry hopping
- Adding hops after the wort has been boiled, often during or after fermentation, mainly for a fresh, strong hop aroma.
- Linalool
- An aroma compound from hops with a floral aroma (also described as lavender, coriander or citrus); in most hop varieties the most common terpene alcohol.
- Geraniol
- An aroma compound from hops that smells of flowers and roses; during fermentation, yeast converts some of the geraniol into citronellol, which smells of lemon and lime.
- Breeding programme
- The long-term work in which a breeder crosses hop plants, tests the seedlings for years in the field and in beer, and releases only the best as a new variety. Nectaron, for example, was crossed in 2004 and only came on the market in 2020.
- Cryo hop
- Pellets of concentrated lupulin: the resins and aroma oil of the hop, without the plant material of the cone. Intended to give a lot of hop flavour and aroma without astringent flavours or extra plant material in the beer. NZ Hops offers Cryo Hops® of its varieties in cooperation with Yakima Chief Hops.
- Plant patent
- An American patent on a new plant variety that is propagated asexually, for example by cuttings. Sabro is protected this way (PP29577), and Columbus had such a patent (PP10956, since expired); in addition, breeders often use a brand name, such as Sabro for the variety HBC 438.
Sources for this page
- Plantoctrooi US PP21,289 P3 (2010), Hop plant named 'HBC 394' (Citra), Hop Breeding Co. — Google Patents
- Probasco, Varnum, Perrault & Hysert (2010), Citra — A New Special Aroma Hop Variety, MBAA Technical Quarterly 47(4) (abstract, archiefkopie)
- Hop Breeding Company, website (archiefkopie mei 2023)
- USDA NASS, National Hop Report, 19 december 2025 (areaal per ras 2023–2025)
- Brewers Association, Hop Acreage and Production Continue to Decrease (over NASS 2025)
- Hop Growers of America, Variety Manual 2016 Update (archiefkopie)
- Cibaka, Gros, Nizet & Collin (2015), Quantitation of selected terpenoids and mercaptans in the dual-purpose hop varieties Amarillo, Citra, Hallertau Blanc, Mosaic, and Sorachi Ace, J Agric Food Chem 63: 3022
- Liu, Dancker, Biendl & Coelhan (2024), Comparison of polyfunctional thiol, element, and total essential oil contents in 32 hop varieties from different countries, Food Chemistry 455: 139855
- Klimczak, Cioch-Skoneczny & Duda-Chodak (2023), Effects of Dry-Hopping on Beer Chemistry and Sensory Properties — A Review, Molecules 28: 6648
- Shi Feng (2014), Aroma-Active Compounds in 'Centennial', 'Citra' and 'Nelson Sauvin' Hop Varieties and Their Aroma Contribution to Dry-Hopped Beer, masterthesis Oregon State University
- Takoi e.a. (2010), Biotransformation of hop-derived monoterpene alcohols by lager yeast and their contribution to the flavor of hopped beer, J Agric Food Chem
- Jobe, Rubottom & Shellhammer (2025), Investigating the impact of on-bine maturity on the chemical, biochemical, and sensorial characteristics of Citra® hops, Food Chemistry 491: 145213
- Chenot & Shellhammer (2026), Aging of Citra®, Cascade, and Centennial hops under commercial storage …, Food Chemistry 503: 147870
- Yakima Chief Hops — Citra® Brand HBC 394
- John Palmer, How to Brew — Chapter 5: Hops (archiefkopie)
- BJCP 2021 Style Guidelines — 21C Hazy IPA







